I see in your latest post you say you've connected the inverting input to ground through a resistor, but again, there's no reason for the resistor, since no significant current will flow through it, so no voltage will appear across it. You can replace them with a wire directly connecting the voltage divider to the + input, without changing the behavior of your circuit significantly. So your two paralleled resistors on the + input have no current going through them, thus no voltage across them, so they're not doing anything useful. Remember one of the basic rules of op-amps, no current goes in our out of the inputs (this isn't strictly true, but it's a close approximation to the truth). A suitable resistor between the op amp output and the transistor base will make sure you don't stress the op amp output, and will help you avoid blowing out the LED or drive transistor. You don't say what kind of op amp you're using - maybe the output won't mind this, but maybe it will.
You have a resistor on the collector of your drive transistor, but nothing to limit the current going from op-amp to base to emitter to LED. The output of the op-amp is connected through the base-emitter diode to the LED. Remember that the op-amp output is a relatively low-impedance voltage output, so when it is high, it is able to source fairly high currents (see the data sheet for details).
You have no current limit on the LED, nor on the base-emitter diode of your drive transistor. Comments on the circuit as hand-drawn in the original posting: 1.